{"id":16180,"date":"2025-04-22T10:22:58","date_gmt":"2025-04-22T08:22:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hayaenergy.com\/?p=16180"},"modified":"2025-07-10T12:29:46","modified_gmt":"2025-07-10T10:29:46","slug":"blog-flash-info-panorama-des-contrats-ppa-en-france","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hayaenergy.com\/fr\/blog-flash-info-panorama-des-contrats-ppa-en-france\/","title":{"rendered":"Flash Info\u202f: panorama des contrats PPA en France"},"content":{"rendered":"

La CRE a publi\u00e9, d\u00e9but avril, le premier observatoire des contrats PPAs portant sur des actifs renouvelables en France<\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Ce rapport analyse les dynamiques actuelles du march\u00e9 des PPA, identifie les freins \u00e0 leur d\u00e9veloppement et propose des recommandations pour leur d\u00e9mocratisation.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Nous pr\u00e9sentons, ci-dessous les principales observations du rapport de la CRE.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

En quelques chiffres, les donn\u00e9es collect\u00e9es en 2023 par la CRE\u202f:\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
La CRE a re\u00e7u les r\u00e9ponses de 47 acteurs<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nPortant sur 116 contrats<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\net 162 installations concern\u00e9es.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Une livraison annuelle d\u2019environ 3,3 TWh par an dont\u202f:\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n0,8 TWh\/an de production \u00e9olienne<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\net 2,4 TWh\/an de production photovolta\u00efque<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u00a0<\/span>Les PPA concernent majoritairement <\/span>des actifs photovolta\u00efques<\/span><\/b>, soulignant le r\u00f4le central du solaire dans les dynamiques contractuelles actuelles.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

1. Un d\u00e9veloppement encore limit\u00e9 en France <\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

En France, par rapport aux voisins europ\u00e9ens, <\/span>les volumes sont encore r\u00e9cents et limit\u00e9s<\/span><\/b>. Les raisons sont un mix \u00e9lectrique majoritairement d\u00e9carbon\u00e9 et <\/span>des m\u00e9canismes de soutien public plus protecteurs<\/span><\/b>, qui limitent le besoin de contractualisation priv\u00e9e. Selon la CRE, \u00ab\u202f<\/span>la crise des prix de gros de l\u2019\u00e9nergie a repr\u00e9sent\u00e9 une incitation majeure \u00e0 la contractualisation de PPA<\/span><\/b>.\u202f\u00bb. En effet, en 2022 et 2023, pendant la crise \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique, le nombre de contrats avait augment\u00e9. Toutefois, la tendance s\u2019est invers\u00e9e avec la baisse des prix de gros, en 2024. <\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"Volumes<\/span>Figure 1: Volumes annuels de PPA sign\u00e9s par trimestre (GWh\/an), comparativement aux prix de l’\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 (moyenne trimestrielle, \u20ac\/MWh) \u2013 Source\u202f: CRE\u00a0\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

2. <\/span><\/b>Typologie des acheteurs<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span>Dans le panel de l\u2019\u00e9tude\u202f:<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  • 1\/3 des contrats sign\u00e9s sont des \u00ab\u202futility PPA\u202f\u00bb\u202f; entre un producteur et un fournisseur.<\/span><\/li>\n
  • 2\/3 des contrats sign\u00e9s sont des \u00ab\u202fcorporate PPA\u202f\u00bb\u202f; avec un consommateur final.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    La CRE fait \u00e9tat de acheteurs qui sont essentiellement <\/span>de grandes soci\u00e9t\u00e9s<\/span><\/b> b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiant d\u2019une stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re importante et pr\u00e9sentant un risque de contrepartie faible. Leur consommation annuelle est \u00e9lev\u00e9e (<\/span>\u2243<\/span> >100GWh\/an) mais <\/span>le volume de leur approvisionnement couvert par des PPA ne repr\u00e9sente qu\u2019une part minoritaire de leur consommation totale, d\u00e9passant rarement 20%<\/span><\/b>. Le mod\u00e8le dominant du format de paiement est <\/span>\u00ab\u202fas-produced\u202f\u00bb <\/span><\/b>(similaire aux contrats de soutien public). Le risque d\u2019\u00e9cart est assum\u00e9 par l\u2019acheteur dans la majeure partie des contrats du panel.<\/span> La moiti\u00e9 des contrats PPA comportent des dispositions relatives \u00e0 l\u2019apparition de prix spot n\u00e9gatifs, susceptibles d’entra\u00eener une suspension de la production.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    3. Dur\u00e9e<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    La dur\u00e9e moyenne d\u2019un PPA en France atteint <\/span>19 ans<\/span><\/i>, consid\u00e9rablement au-dessus de celle de nos pays voisins. \u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    \"R\u00e9partition<\/span>Figure <\/span><\/i>2<\/span><\/i>: R\u00e9partition des volumes sign\u00e9s selon la dur\u00e9e du contrat (114 r\u00e9ponses) \u2013 Source\u202f: CRE<\/span><\/i>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    4. Recommandations de la CRE<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    Pour favoriser le d\u00e9veloppement des PPA, il est important de mettre en place ou renforcer des dispositifs visant \u00e0 <\/span>garantir les risques de contreparties<\/span><\/b>, afin d\u2019\u00e9largir le profil des acheteurs tout en assurant un partage \u00e9quilibr\u00e9 du risque de cr\u00e9dit avec le secteur priv\u00e9. Il convient aussi d\u2019\u00e9tudier <\/span>l\u2019int\u00e9gration des PPA dans la fourniture globale d\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9<\/span><\/b>. Par ailleurs, <\/span>l\u2019impact des PPA sur la liquidit\u00e9 des march\u00e9s de gros<\/span><\/b> doit \u00eatre analys\u00e9. Enfin, les <\/span>dispositifs publics de soutien<\/span><\/b> aux \u00e9nergies renouvelables doivent \u00e9viter de <\/span>freiner le d\u00e9veloppement des PPA<\/span><\/b> en rempla\u00e7ant les financements priv\u00e9s par des aides publiques trop protectrices.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    5. Conclusions\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Ce premier observatoire d\u00e9peint le panorama des contrats PPA des actifs renouvelables en France et constitue un socle utile pour les acteurs souhaitant \u00e9valuer ou n\u00e9gocier un contrat. La CRE pr\u00e9voit de <\/span>mettre \u00e0 jour r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement ces donn\u00e9es et recommandations<\/span><\/b>, afin d\u2019accompagner l\u2019\u00e9volution de ce march\u00e9 en devenir.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    C\u00e9line Haya Sauvage<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    La CRE a publi\u00e9, d\u00e9but avril, le premier observatoire des contrats PPAs portant sur des actifs renouvelables en France\u00a0 Ce rapport analyse les dynamiques actuelles du march\u00e9 des PPA, identifie les freins \u00e0 leur d\u00e9veloppement et propose des recommandations pour leur d\u00e9mocratisation.\u00a0 Nous pr\u00e9sentons, ci-dessous les principales observations du rapport de la CRE.\u00a0 En quelques […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":16188,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[50,55,31],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nFlash Info\u202f: panorama des contrats PPA en France - 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