{"id":1691,"date":"2017-07-07T09:00:14","date_gmt":"2017-07-07T07:00:14","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/hayaenergy.com\/?p=1691"},"modified":"2021-02-19T12:02:11","modified_gmt":"2021-02-19T11:02:11","slug":"stockage-de-gaz-ou-en-est-on","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hayaenergy.com\/fr\/stockage-de-gaz-ou-en-est-on\/","title":{"rendered":"Stockage de gaz : O\u00f9 en est-on?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Parmi les chantiers laiss\u00e9s inachev\u00e9s par le dernier gouvernement, celui de la r\u00e9forme de l\u2019acc\u00e8s des tiers aux stockages de gaz naturel (ATS)<\/strong> figure en bonne place. En effet, un travail important de pr\u00e9paration et de consultation avait \u00e9t\u00e9 fourni par toutes les parties concern\u00e9es (minist\u00e8re, CRE, fournisseurs etc.), dans la foul\u00e9e de la loi de transition \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique (LTECV) d\u2019ao\u00fbt 2015, mais celui-ci n\u2019a jamais d\u00e9bouch\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Pourtant, la France a connu une situation tendue pour son approvisionnement en gaz l\u2019hiver dernier, en particulier en zone sud, et pour l\u2019hiver 2017\/2018, la situation des stockages para\u00eet plus pr\u00e9occupante que jamais\u00a0: d\u00e9but avril, le niveau des souscriptions \u00e9taient inf\u00e9rieur de plus de 30% aux niveaux observ\u00e9s ces trois derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, et la situation ne s\u2019est pas am\u00e9lior\u00e9e depuis\u00a0:<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Fin mai, GRTgaz et TIGF ont publi\u00e9 tr\u00e8s en amont leur \u00ab\u00a0Winter Outlook 2017\/2018\u00a0\u00bb, pr\u00e9sentant les perspectives du syst\u00e8me gazier pour l\u2019hiver prochain, afin d\u2019alerter au plus t\u00f4t les acteurs du march\u00e9 sur les tensions observ\u00e9es sur le r\u00e9seau gazier et les incertitudes qui p\u00e8sent sur l\u2019hiver 2017\/2018.<\/p>\n

Avec l\u2019arriv\u00e9e d\u2019une nouvelle \u00e9quipe gouvernementale, o\u00f9 en est-on, et quelles solutions peut-on envisager\u00a0?<\/p>\n

En se basant sur la situation de l\u2019hiver pass\u00e9, les GRT redoutent \u00ab une probabilit\u00e9 forte \u00bb de congestion dans le Sud-Est et une congestion \u00ab probable \u00bb dans le Nord, notamment en raison de la faiblesse des souscriptions de stockage d\u00e9j\u00e0 enregistr\u00e9es. Les op\u00e9rateurs de r\u00e9seaux ont soulign\u00e9 que \u00ab\u00a0sans augmentation des souscriptions des stockages souterrains de gaz, des arriv\u00e9es rapides de GNL sur le r\u00e9seau seront indispensables pour assurer l\u2019approvisionnement en gaz des consommateurs en cas de pointes froides l\u2019hiver prochain sur une dizaine de jours\u00a0<\/em>\u00bb.<\/p>\n

Mais si les stockages de gaz restent si d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9ment vides, la raison en est simple\u00a0: ils sont commercialis\u00e9s \u00e0 des prix d\u00e9connect\u00e9s des sous-jacents de march\u00e9 (spread hiver-\u00e9t\u00e9), selon une r\u00e9glementation dite \u00ab\u00a0n\u00e9goci\u00e9e\u00a0\u00bb de l\u2019acc\u00e8s des tiers aux stockages.<\/p>\n

La LTECV pr\u00e9voyait de proc\u00e9der par ordonnance afin de \u00ab\u00a0modifier les obligations de d\u00e9tention de stocks de gaz naturel par les fournisseurs, les modalit\u00e9s d’acc\u00e8s aux infrastructures de stockage de gaz naturel et les missions des gestionnaires de r\u00e9seaux de transport de gaz naturel en mati\u00e8re de stockage de gaz naturel ainsi que celles de la Commission de r\u00e9gulation de l’\u00e9nergie (\u2026), afin de renforcer la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l’approvisionnement gazier et, si n\u00e9cessaire pour l’atteinte de cet objectif, de r\u00e9guler les tarifs des capacit\u00e9s de stockage souterrain de gaz naturel<\/strong>\u00a0<\/em>\u00bb.<\/p>\n

Un projet d\u2019ordonnance \u00e9tait pr\u00eat \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9t\u00e9 2016, mais a \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9 de l\u2019ordre du jour du Conseil des Ministres de d\u00e9but ao\u00fbt l\u2019an dernier, a priori \u00e0 cause de consid\u00e9rations fiscales introduites par l\u2019avis du Conseil d\u2019Etat. Depuis, quelques tentatives pour r\u00e9soudre les probl\u00e8mes soulev\u00e9s ont \u00e9t\u00e9 lanc\u00e9es, notamment par Storengy, mais ont \u00e9chou\u00e9, avant qu\u2019une mission d\u2019inspection ne soit lanc\u00e9e au printemps. Celle-ci a remis son rapport \u00e0 la Ministre d\u00e9but mai, sans qu\u2019il ne soit rendu public.<\/p>\n

Afin de pr\u00e9venir une nouvelle crise gazi\u00e8re d\u00e8s l\u2019hiver prochain, il serait urgent de reprendre le sujet de la r\u00e9forme de l\u2019ATS, en l\u2019inscrivant sur la \u00ab\u00a0feuille de route\u00a0\u00bb de la transition \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique, qui devrait \u00eatre publi\u00e9e juste apr\u00e8s les \u00e9lections l\u00e9gislatives. Mais m\u00eame en agissant avec toute la c\u00e9l\u00e9rit\u00e9 voulue, le nouveau syst\u00e8me ne prendrait effet qu\u2019\u00e0 l\u2019horizon de l\u2019hiver 2018\/2019 au plus t\u00f4t.<\/p>\n

En tout \u00e9tat de cause, un \u00e9l\u00e9ment important pourrait rapidement mettre le sujet \u00e0 l\u2019ordre du jour\u00a0: un arr\u00eat de la Cour de justice europ\u00e9enne (CJUE) est attendu dans les semaines qui viennent. Celui-ci pourrait conduire \u00e0 l\u2019annulation du d\u00e9cret de 2014 qui r\u00e9git actuellement les obligations de stockage des fournisseurs. Le vide juridique ainsi cr\u00e9\u00e9 ferait revenir la r\u00e9glementation au d\u00e9cret de 2006, qui avait conduit au faible taux de remplissage des stockages \u00e0 l\u2019hiver 2013\/2014 \u2013 source du d\u00e9cret aujourd\u2019hui remis en question\u2026<\/p>\n

Sans attendre les modifications r\u00e9glementaires, les op\u00e9rateurs de r\u00e9seaux ont recherch\u00e9 des solutions pragmatiques afin d\u2019\u00e9viter les tensions sur l\u2019approvisionnement en gaz l\u2019hiver prochain. Le m\u00e9canisme de \u00ab\u00a0spread localis\u00e9\u00a0\u00bb, \u00e9tabli en concertation avec les acteurs de march\u00e9 et le r\u00e9gulateur, va faire l\u2019objet d\u2019une consultation de la CRE \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9t\u00e9, dans le cadre de la fusion des zones Nord et Sud pr\u00e9vue en 2018. Ce m\u00e9canisme doit permettre de r\u00e9duire les congestions physiques du r\u00e9seau de transport gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 des op\u00e9rations simultan\u00e9es d\u2019achat\/vente de gaz sur la bourse PEGAS, op\u00e9r\u00e9e par Powernext, et activables en \u201cWithin Day\u201d sur demande de GRTgaz. C\u2019est un dispositif incitatif pour encourager les exp\u00e9diteurs \u00e0 amener du gaz l\u00e0 o\u00f9 le r\u00e9seau en a besoin, combinant un achat sur les points situ\u00e9s en aval de la congestion et une vente sur des points en amont de celle-ci. Ce m\u00e9canisme permettrait de valoriser le gaz amen\u00e9 en aval d\u2019une congestion tout en mutualisant les surco\u00fbts \u00e9ventuels sur l\u2019ensemble du march\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Derni\u00e8re minute\u00a0<\/u>: alors que l\u2019on apprenait le report \u00e0 fin juillet de la pr\u00e9sentation du rapport de l\u2019avocat g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de la CJUE concernant le d\u00e9cret \u00ab\u00a0obligations de stockage\u00a0\u00bb de 2014 (voir-ci-dessus), la DGEC soumet au CSE (Conseil Sup\u00e9rieur de l\u2019Energie) du 6 juillet un projet d\u2019arr\u00eat\u00e9 \u00ab\u00a0relatif aux modalit\u00e9s de prise en compte des autres instruments de modulation pour l\u2019application de l\u2019obligation de d\u00e9claration et de d\u00e9tention de stocks et de capacit\u00e9s de stockage des fournisseurs de gaz naturel\u00a0\u00bb<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Ce projet d\u2019arr\u00eat\u00e9, visant \u00e0 combler le flou existant depuis 2014 dans la d\u00e9finition de ce que sont les \u00ab\u00a0autres instruments de modulation\u00a0\u00bb <\/em>tombe ainsi \u00e0 point nomm\u00e9 pour r\u00e9pondre aux griefs qui risquent de ressortir de la d\u00e9cision de la CJUE. Afin de remplir leur obligation de d\u00e9claration et de d\u00e9tention de stocks et de capacit\u00e9s de stockage, les fournisseurs ne seraient plus tenus que de souscrire un minimum de 50% de cette obligation dans des capacit\u00e9s de stockage souterrain de gaz naturel situ\u00e9es en France.<\/p>\n

Au del\u00e0, et \u00e0 titre subsidiaire, des instruments de modulation assurant un service \u00e9quivalent \u00e0 un stock souterrain de gaz naturel en termes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 d\u2019approvisionnement seraient admis, ceux-ci \u00e9tant d\u00e9finis comme suite\u00a0:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. les stocks souterrains de gaz naturel situ\u00e9s dans un autre Etat membre de l\u2019Union europ\u00e9enne;<\/li>\n
  2. les stocks de gaz naturel liqu\u00e9fi\u00e9 conserv\u00e9s dans un terminal m\u00e9thanier situ\u00e9 en France ;<\/li>\n
  3. les stocks de gaz naturel liqu\u00e9fi\u00e9 conserv\u00e9s dans un terminal m\u00e9thanier situ\u00e9 dans un autre Etat membre de l\u2019Union europ\u00e9enne ;<\/li>\n
  4. les capacit\u00e9s de production non utilis\u00e9es d\u2019un gisement de gaz naturel situ\u00e9 en France ;<\/li>\n
  5. les capacit\u00e9s de production non utilis\u00e9es d\u2019un gisement de gaz naturel situ\u00e9 dans un autre Etat membre de l\u2019Union europ\u00e9enne.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    A premi\u00e8re vue, les conditions permettant de s\u2019assurer que ces instruments de modulation offrent un service \u00e9quivalent \u00e0 un stock souterrain de gaz naturel en termes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 d\u2019approvisionnement sont tellement restrictives qu\u2019il appara\u00eet quasiment impossible d\u2019y avoir recours\u2026 De plus, le socle de 50% de capacit\u00e9 de stockage \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenus en France pourrait ne pas r\u00e9sister aux arguments de la CJUE.<\/p>\n

    Plus globalement, il ne faudrait pas que cet arr\u00eat\u00e9 de \u00ab\u00a0clarification\u00a0\u00bb vienne remettre en cause la volont\u00e9 du nouveau Gouvernement de r\u00e9former l\u2019acc\u00e8s des tiers au stockages (ATS), dont la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 est plus que jamais criante\u00a0: le probl\u00e8me fondamental de l\u2019ATS actuel provient en effet du mode de commercialisation des capacit\u00e9s de stockage en France, qui le sont \u00e0 des prix sans commune mesure avec les fondamentaux du march\u00e9 (spread hiver-\u00e9t\u00e9 des prix du gaz sur les march\u00e9s).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Parmi les chantiers laiss\u00e9s inachev\u00e9s par le dernier gouvernement, celui de la r\u00e9forme de l\u2019acc\u00e8s des tiers aux stockages de gaz naturel (ATS) figure en bonne place. En effet, un travail important de pr\u00e9paration et de consultation avait \u00e9t\u00e9 fourni par toutes les parties concern\u00e9es (minist\u00e8re, CRE, fournisseurs etc.), dans la foul\u00e9e de la loi […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3855,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[31],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nStockage de gaz : O\u00f9 en est-on? - Haya Energy Solutions<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/hayaenergy.com\/fr\/stockage-de-gaz-ou-en-est-on\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Stockage de gaz : O\u00f9 en est-on? - Haya Energy Solutions\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Parmi les chantiers laiss\u00e9s inachev\u00e9s par le dernier gouvernement, celui de la r\u00e9forme de l\u2019acc\u00e8s des tiers aux stockages de gaz naturel (ATS) figure en bonne place. 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