{"id":2010,"date":"2018-07-09T17:15:00","date_gmt":"2018-07-09T15:15:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/hayaenergy.com\/?p=2010"},"modified":"2021-02-19T10:50:23","modified_gmt":"2021-02-19T09:50:23","slug":"la-programmation-pluriannuelle-de-lenergie-et-lavenir-du-marche-de-lelectricite","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hayaenergy.com\/fr\/la-programmation-pluriannuelle-de-lenergie-et-lavenir-du-marche-de-lelectricite\/","title":{"rendered":"La Programmation pluriannuelle de l\u2019Energie et l\u2019avenir du march\u00e9 de l\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nous nous sommes habitu\u00e9s \u00e0 ce stade d\u2019assister \u00e0 des interventions sur le march\u00e9 \u00e9lectrique aussi bien du c\u00f4t\u00e9 de l\u2019offre que de la demande.<\/p>\n

Dans la production, la subvention massive aux \u00e9nergies renouvelables, le syst\u00e8me du droit d\u2019\u00e9missions (EU-ETS), les aides \u00e0 l\u2019industrie \u00e0 travers des m\u00e9canismes de support \u00e0 la cog\u00e9n\u00e9ration (CHP) et d\u2019autres m\u00e9canismes plus ou moins nouveaux (valorisation des d\u00e9chets, biogas, etc), ont eu une influence n\u00e9faste sur le march\u00e9 de l\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Du c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la demande, les interventions sont tout aussi nombreuses, quoique moins nuisibles pour le secteur\u00a0: tarifs r\u00e9glement\u00e9s, ARENH, TRTAM, aide \u00e0 la gestion de la demande (\u00ab\u00a0demand response\u00a0\u00bb) ou d\u2019interruptibilit\u00e9; etc.<\/p>\n

Dans l\u2019ancien r\u00e9gime, toutes ces interventions \u00e9taient assum\u00e9es par un Syst\u00e8me qui, via les tarifs de vente, ajustaient les revenus n\u00e9cessaires pour tous les besoins ou vell\u00e9it\u00e9s du Planificateur. Dans le nouveau syst\u00e8me de march\u00e9, cela n\u2019est plus possible. Les revenus des acteurs du march\u00e9 sont d\u00e9termin\u00e9s par le prix en gros et celui-ci d\u00e9pend en grande partie des d\u00e9cisions du Planificateur.<\/p>\n

Apr\u00e8s des ann\u00e9es d\u2019intervention du march\u00e9, il est sens\u00e9 de se demander si un v\u00e9ritable march\u00e9 de l\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 existe encore. Le signal de long terme, pour les investissements dans des installations de production, est d\u00e9finitivement d\u00e9form\u00e9 et illisible<\/u>. Personne en pleine possession de ses moyens n\u2019investirait (\u00e0 prix de reposition<\/u>)\u00a0dans des installations de g\u00e9n\u00e9ration sur un march\u00e9 comportant un tel niveau d\u2019incertitude.<\/p>\n

Les nouveaux m\u00e9canismes de march\u00e9 con\u00e7us pour pallier cette situation ne produisent pas non plus le signal attendu car l\u2019investisseur a la certitude que d\u2019autres nouvelles distorsions se produiront une fois l\u2019investissement r\u00e9alis\u00e9. En France, un m\u00e9canisme de capacit\u00e9 pluriannuel (pour am\u00e9liorer la visibilit\u00e9 de l\u2019investissement) sera mis en place \u00e0 la fin de l\u2019ann\u00e9e\u00a0; celui-ci existe d\u00e9j\u00e0 au Royaume Uni et ne donne pas les r\u00e9sultats escompt\u00e9s. Il est \u00e0 craindre qu\u2019il ne marchera pas non plus en France.<\/p>\n

Dans cette orbite de la planification, la Programmation pluriannuelle de l\u2019Energie (PPE)[1]<\/a> est actuellement en consultation. Chaque lobby essaie de maximiser ses chances\u00a0: allongement de la dur\u00e9e de vie du parc nucl\u00e9aire jusqu\u2019\u00e0 60 ans d\u2019exploitation\u00a0; remplacement de la g\u00e9n\u00e9ration nucl\u00e9aire par la g\u00e9n\u00e9ration d\u2019origine renouvelable\u00a0; \u00e9lan \u00e0 la cog\u00e9n\u00e9ration comme appui \u00e0 l\u2019industrie\u00a0; d\u00e9veloppement du secteur du biogaz, du stockage de l\u2019\u00e9nergie, de l\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne, power to gas, etc. Toutes les politiques \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques sont possibles, bien que pas au m\u00eame co\u00fbt ni avec les m\u00eames niveaux de s\u00e9curit\u00e9. La d\u00e9cision revient \u00e0 l\u2019Etat dans son r\u00f4le de planificateur. Ce qui est s\u00fbr c\u2019est que quelle que soit la d\u00e9cision finale, la nouvelle politique \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique ne se r\u00e9alisera pas sans avoir un impact sur le march\u00e9 de l\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9. Et il est \u00e0 craindre que cette partie de l\u2019\u00e9quation ne figure pas dans les d\u00e9bats de la PPE.<\/p>\n

Cela fait des ann\u00e9es que nous jouons \u00e0 l\u2019apprenti sorcier avec le syst\u00e8me \u00e9lectrique. L\u2019Etat d\u00e9veloppe ses politiques en mati\u00e8re d\u2019\u00e9nergie sans s\u2019inqui\u00e9ter des cons\u00e9quences de ses d\u00e9cisions sur le march\u00e9 de gros. Les acteurs de ce march\u00e9 n\u2019en peuvent plus. Le syst\u00e8me fran\u00e7ais perd de la marge de r\u00e9serve et de la fiabilit\u00e9. Si rien n\u2019est fait par rapport \u00e0 \u00e7a, t\u00f4t ou tard on se retrouvera face \u00e0 une situation ind\u00e9sirable de d\u00e9faillance du syst\u00e8me.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

[1]<\/a> Elabor\u00e9e par le Gouvernement en concertation avec l\u2019ensemble des parties prenantes, la programmation pluriannuelle de l\u2019\u00e9nergie (PPE) exprime les orientations et priorit\u00e9s d\u2019action des pouvoirs publics pour la gestion de l\u2019ensemble des formes d\u2019\u00e9nergie sur le territoire m\u00e9tropolitain continental fran\u00e7ais. La PPE porte sur deux p\u00e9riodes de 5 ans et est r\u00e9vis\u00e9e tous les 5 ans.<\/em><\/p>\n

Toutes les strat\u00e9gies et tous les documents de planification qui comportent des orientations sur l\u2019\u00e9nergie doivent \u00eatre compatibles avec les orientations formul\u00e9es dans la PPE. En particulier : (i)\u00a0 la fixation de objectifs quantitatifs pour le lancement d\u2019appels d\u2019offres pour des installations de production d\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9, pour des capacit\u00e9s d\u2019effacement de consommation \u00e9lectrique, ou pour des investissements permettant l\u2019injection de biom\u00e9thane dans les r\u00e9seaux de gaz ; (ii) la d\u00e9finition des orientations avec lesquelles l\u2019autorisation d\u2019exploiter des nouvelles installations de production \u00e9lectrique, ainsi que le plan strat\u00e9gique d\u2019EDF, devront \u00eatre compatibles ; (iii) la d\u00e9finition du niveau de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 d\u2019approvisionnement du syst\u00e8me \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique fran\u00e7ais, via la fixation du crit\u00e8re de d\u00e9faillance utilis\u00e9 pour appr\u00e9cier l\u2019\u00e9quilibre entre l\u2019offre et la demande d\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9, ou encore des stockages de gaz \u00e0 maintenir pour la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 d\u2019approvisionnement.<\/em><\/p>\n

La PPE sera r\u00e9vis\u00e9e d\u2019ici fin 2018 puis tous les cinq ans, selon les m\u00eames modalit\u00e9s que la premi\u00e8re programmation.<\/em><\/p>\n

Antonio Haya<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nous nous sommes habitu\u00e9s \u00e0 ce stade d\u2019assister \u00e0 des interventions sur le march\u00e9 \u00e9lectrique aussi bien du c\u00f4t\u00e9 de l\u2019offre que de la demande. Dans la production, la subvention massive aux \u00e9nergies renouvelables, le syst\u00e8me du droit d\u2019\u00e9missions (EU-ETS), les aides \u00e0 l\u2019industrie \u00e0 travers des m\u00e9canismes de support \u00e0 la cog\u00e9n\u00e9ration (CHP) et […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3928,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[31],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nLa Programmation pluriannuelle de l\u2019Energie et l\u2019avenir du march\u00e9 de l\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 - Haya Energy Solutions<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/hayaenergy.com\/fr\/la-programmation-pluriannuelle-de-lenergie-et-lavenir-du-marche-de-lelectricite\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"La Programmation pluriannuelle de l\u2019Energie et l\u2019avenir du march\u00e9 de l\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 - Haya Energy Solutions\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Nous nous sommes habitu\u00e9s \u00e0 ce stade d\u2019assister \u00e0 des interventions sur le march\u00e9 \u00e9lectrique aussi bien du c\u00f4t\u00e9 de l\u2019offre que de la demande. 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